When many scientists, including Albert Einstein, say that they believe in Spinoza’s God, they are referring to a conception of God that is very different from the traditional theistic view found in ...

Spinoza is not one of those philosophers whose thought is easily summed up. And yet, it's all the more interesting to take a closer look, as many say that the Dutch intellectual was almost the first ...

40 pages into Ian Buruma’s fascinating biography of the 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza, some very modern language leaps from the page. “When people are banished from their community,” Buruma ...

Rejected by his Jewish community in Amsterdam, Baruch Spinoza was living alone in a small village outside The Hague in Holland and earning his living by grinding lenses when he wrote one of the most ...